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Families on the benefits of assistance in material need
HOROVÁ KOLÁŘOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis aims to describe types of families which receive benefits for material deprivation. The thesis consists of two parts, the theoretical part, and the practical part. In the theoretical part, there are theoretical findings connected to family terms and types of families. Causes of family material deprivation and an impact on family functioning are specified here, also an impact on its members, especially children. Furthermore is defined material deprivation focusing on the law of material deprivation (terms, individual benefits) and there are researched other options of social support. The survey in the practical part is analyzing what type of family applies for these welfare benefits and what is the reason for getting them. High-quality research is used which is based on document analysis from some families who take welfare benefits.
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Poverty and material deprivation with focus on seniors in Czechia
Dvořáková, Eliška ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Malinová, Albína (referee)
Poverty and material deprivation with focus on seniors in Czechia Abstract The diploma thesis adresses the issue of poverty and material deprivation, which are still very actual not only in developing countries but also in highly advanced societies. The initial information is The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) from 2019, supplemented by data from Eurostat and the Czech Statistical Office. The target group was defined as persons 65 years old or over. The main goal of the thesis is to determine the chances of being a poor or materially deprived senior based on selected sociodemographic characteristics, which are gender, age groups, marital status and the highest educational attainment. The core analysis was performed using Binary Logistic Regression. The highest odds of being poor or materially deprived comes from single seniors with basic education. The age categories with the highest chance vary in individual analyses, however, they are always 80-84 years of age, 85-89 years of age or 90 years and older. Concerning gender, senior women always have a higher chance to be poor and also materially deprived than senior men. Furthermore, the probabilities of poverty and material deprivation were calculated as part of the search for answers to the research question. Clear...
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Working poor in the Czech Republic
Šustová, Šárka
WORKING POOR IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Abstract Even though poverty is not the death or life question in developed countries it is necessary to pay attention to it. The topic of poverty, social cohesion and social exclusion plays now an increasing role in the EU agenda; working poor started to be explored in 1990s there. Working poor are people poor despite working. Work should serve as a protection of poverty, it should guarantee better living standard to employed people in comparison to those dependent on social protection. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of working poor, to identify them, to find out the reasons why they are poor and to develop measures to help them not to be poor. This thesis brings a comprehensive view on the working poor in the Czech Republic. The focus is on the poverty rate as well as characteristics of working poor. Methods for measuring this phenomenon have not been fully developed yet, there is still not a consensus on the most suitable methods. Different methods are introduced, compared and critically evaluated in the first - theoretically oriented - part of the thesis. Combination and modification of existing methods creates a base for methodology used in this thesis. The core part of the thesis is dedicated to the detailed analysis of working poor in the...
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Subjective well-being and the individual material situation in Central Europe: A Bayesian network approach
Švorc, Jan ; Vomlel, Jiří
The objective of this paper is to explore the associations between the subjective well-being (SWB) and the subjective and objective measures of the individual material situation in the four post-communist countries of Central Europe (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia). The material situation is measured by income, relative income compared to others, relative income compared to one’s own past, perceived economic strain, financial problems, material deprivation, and housing problems. Our analysis is based on empirical data from the third wave of European Quality of Life Study conducted in 2011. Bayesian networks as a graphical representation of the relations between SWB and the material situation have been constructed in five versions. The models have been assessed using the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and SWB prediction accuracy, and compared\nwith Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR). Expert knowledge, as well as three different algorithms (greedy, Gobnilp, and Tree-augmented Naive Bayes) were used for learning the network structures. Network parameters were learned using the EM algorithm. Parameters based on OLR were learned for a version of the expert model. The Gobnilp model, the Markov equivalent to the greedy model, is BIC optimal. The OLR predicts SWB slightly better than the other models. We conclude that the objective material conditions' influence on SWB is rather indirect, through the subjective situational assessment of various aspects related to the individual material conditions.
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Poverty of Czech seniors
Hromádková, Václava ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Poverty of Czech seniors Abstract Poverty is a relevant topic even in developed countries, which it needs to be deal with. In the following diploma thesis I will introduce some definitions and concepts of poverty and material deprivation. I will also deal with process of demographic ageing and a development of senior's population in the Czech Republic. The intention of the analytical part of this diploma thesis is to capture a level of poverty and material deprivation of Czech seniors in year 2014, using at-risk- of-poverty rate and material deprivation rate. I will focus on the following question: "Which group of seniors based on gender, marital status, age and education is threatened the most by poverty or material deprivation". I will describe the level of poverty and material deprivation in different regions of the Czech Republic. I also will compare differences between seniors and the whole population in the sense of the level of poverty and material deprivation. This thesis uses data from the Czech Statistical Office, particularly the data from the Population Cenzus in years 2001 and 2011 and also the data from the household survey called Living condition in year 2014. Selected data are used in binary logistic regression for describing the determinants of poverty and material deprivation of seniors in...
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Characteristics of deprivation by ageing population in Czech Republic
Kobzová, Alexandra ; Malá, Ivana (advisor) ; Brázdilová, Michaela (referee)
This thesis aims to characteristics of deprivation by population aged over fifty years in Czech Republic. It contains basic descriptions of two surveys that dealing with deprivation and so SHARE and EU-SILC. Then follow the characteristics of indicators of material deprivation in SHARE and in EU-SILC and the characteristic of social deprivation indicator from SHARE. The aim of the thesis is to explore indicators of material and social deprivation in Czech Republic and find the position of Czech Republic in international comparison. In the thesis were analysed percentages of deprived people in every single variable of material or social deprivation, development of material deprivation and factors that affect both indicators. Part of the thesis is also comparison of indicator of material deprivation by EU-SILC and by SHARE. At the end is quantified the summarizing indicator that according to SHARE indicates the risk of social exclusion and it is also analysed.
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Determinants of poverty in the Czech Republic
Chválová, Martina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šustová, Šárka (referee)
DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Abstract In this thesis we present the determinants and the current state of poverty in the Czech Republic in 2014. We clearly set out the definition of poverty and delimit various concepts of poverty, that is the old and the new concept of poverty, the subjective versus the objective one, the absolute versus the relative concept, as well as the direct and the indirect plus the prescriptive and the consensual poverty. We also introduce various ways to measure poverty. A substantial part of the theoretical section focuses on the introduced methods and definitions of particular indicators (the at risk of poverty rate, the relative median at risk of poverty gap, the Gini coefficient, the income quintile share ratio, the material deprivation rate). We have used the method of logistic regression and the processed data which were gained from the project Životní podmínky 2014 (The Living Conditions 2014) and EU-SILC 2014. At the same time, still in the theoretical part of the thesis, we also dealt with the causes of poverty and the attitudes towards the poor as sociology, psychology and ethics view them. The analysis has proved that, based on equivalised household income, persons living in households in villages with 2 000-4 999 inhabitants are susceptible to poverty...
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Working poor in the Czech Republic
Šustová, Šárka
WORKING POOR IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Abstract Even though poverty is not the death or life question in developed countries it is necessary to pay attention to it. The topic of poverty, social cohesion and social exclusion plays now an increasing role in the EU agenda; working poor started to be explored in 1990s there. Working poor are people poor despite working. Work should serve as a protection of poverty, it should guarantee better living standard to employed people in comparison to those dependent on social protection. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of working poor, to identify them, to find out the reasons why they are poor and to develop measures to help them not to be poor. This thesis brings a comprehensive view on the working poor in the Czech Republic. The focus is on the poverty rate as well as characteristics of working poor. Methods for measuring this phenomenon have not been fully developed yet, there is still not a consensus on the most suitable methods. Different methods are introduced, compared and critically evaluated in the first - theoretically oriented - part of the thesis. Combination and modification of existing methods creates a base for methodology used in this thesis. The core part of the thesis is dedicated to the detailed analysis of working poor in the...
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Working poor in the Czech Republic
Šustová, Šárka ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jitka (referee) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee)
WORKING POOR IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Abstract Even though poverty is not the death or life question in developed countries it is necessary to pay attention to it. The topic of poverty, social cohesion and social exclusion plays now an increasing role in the EU agenda; working poor started to be explored in 1990s there. Working poor are people poor despite working. Work should serve as a protection of poverty, it should guarantee better living standard to employed people in comparison to those dependent on social protection. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of working poor, to identify them, to find out the reasons why they are poor and to develop measures to help them not to be poor. This thesis brings a comprehensive view on the working poor in the Czech Republic. The focus is on the poverty rate as well as characteristics of working poor. Methods for measuring this phenomenon have not been fully developed yet, there is still not a consensus on the most suitable methods. Different methods are introduced, compared and critically evaluated in the first - theoretically oriented - part of the thesis. Combination and modification of existing methods creates a base for methodology used in this thesis. The core part of the thesis is dedicated to the detailed analysis of working poor in the...
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